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First, the problem of medication
1. Retreatment ignores prevention and results in poor control. Diseases should be prevented mainly, control of the disease, prevention and control of critical pests is the basic principle. Such as apple rotten fruit disease, after the fall to the end of July is the peak period of disease susceptibility, this time a good effect of prevention and control, basically no later spraying or less spraying, can achieve no bad purposes. However, some fruit growers do not spray pesticides in the early stages, and later, rotten fruit has taken place. The result is that they have not been able to cure rotten fruit and suffered heavy losses.
2. Medication followed others to learn, not symptomatic medication. Many fruit growers blindly use medicine and follow others to learn that no matter what kind of disease occurs in the trees, they will fight bactericidal drugs. Whether or not there is insect pests, pesticides will be added to fight drugs. Most of the pesticides are highly specific, often only for a certain kind of disease or worm, and they are ineffective for others, causing delays in the best period of prevention and control, as well as wasting investment and polluting the environment.
3. Increase the amount of medication, that the amount of more than a total less than good, not science medication. For example, 1.8% Qiqisu is used to control red and white fleas. The recommended dosage is 6000 to 8000 times. Some growers are concentrated to 2000 times, and some are even higher than one at a time. This not only increases human resistance to insects, but also Ecological disorders, even causing phytotoxicity, reduce the production of fallen leaves.
4. The more effective the type of pesticide is, the better. Many fruit growers use 1 fungicide plus 1 insecticide, and they always feel uneasy. They often mix various pesticides and even mix 7-8 pesticides. They mistakenly believe that this kind of disease is caused by the drug. The disease has its own responsibility. In fact, most of the pesticides are compounded by themselves, and some drugs that are used in combination have the same mechanism of action. Mixed use equals to increase the dose, some pesticides acid and alkali neutralize, reduce the efficacy or form insoluble matter, resulting in phytotoxicity.
5. Heavy chemical pesticides, ignoring biological pesticides. Many farmers want to use chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. In fact, some pests use biological agents or traps that are better than chemical ones.
6. Do not pay attention to pesticide residues and pollution. Some fruit farmers only pay attention to prevention and control effects and immediate benefits when they control pests and diseases, as long as medicines can be used to remove insects and nets, regardless of the pollution of pesticides to the environment.
Second, suggestions and countermeasures
1. Adhere to comprehensive prevention and control measures. Strengthen agricultural prevention and control, such as selection of pest-resistant species, seedling quarantine, and strengthening of soil, fertilizer, and water management to improve fruit tree resistance. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, clean up the orchard after defoliation or before germination, such as scraping bark, removing pests and branches, rotten fruit, diseased skin and litter, etc., do not use fruit tree trunks as a protective fence, and promote fruit bagging. Cultivated to minimize the number of pests.
2. Strengthen biological control. Including the use of natural enemies to treat insect pests; the use of biological pesticides to prevent and treat natural enemies, such as diflubenzuron and triterpene urea, have long efficacy and good results; planting and trapping crops and concentrating on the use of pesticides to eradicate pests will not only reduce investment, but also reduce pollution. .
3. Make full use of modern physics and high technology. Such as sexual attractants, sex pheromone spawning attractants, black light, insecticidal microwaves, lasers, etc. should be actively developed and used, can play a multiplier effect.
4. Take agricultural measures to treat pests. Planting crops to kill, such as the white beetle, the insects fly strong, control effects of chemical pesticides are poor, can be planted in each acre orchard of 3 to 4 sunflowers, using sunflower disk trap. It not only protects the environment but also has a good insecticidal effect. For example, Daqingye can be planted by cultivating plants for eating, spraying insecticides, etc.
5. Scientific use of drugs, reform of traditional medicine system, without high residual pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. Take predictive measures, focus on drug use during the key period, minimize the use of organic chemical pesticides, and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. Such as using Schnatenine instead of Formamide arsenic; pine resin copper (green copper lactone, Bordeaux EC, chlorine ammonia copper) instead of Bordeaux mixture, easy to use and effective. The use of biological pesticides, such as polyoxin, polyoxin, bacteria, extinguishment, bacteria Puke instead of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, etc., to control the disease of spotted leaf disease, rotenus rot disease. The use of Qishaosu (worms, worms, worms, killers, etc.) agents not only has special effects on the resistance to insect pests, but also has a good control effect against various resistant Lepidoptera pests. Special pesticides such as diflubenzuron, triflumuron, moth alfalfa, insect diptera, rice bran, etc., can effectively control Lepidoptera pests for about 30 days, and have good effects without damaging natural enemies.
6. Pay attention to the preparation technology of pesticides. In order to reduce the number of spraying, when using multiple drugs at one time, pay attention to the acid-base composition of the drug and the order of preparation. Do not combine the pesticides together into a concentrate, and add water to dilute them. It is necessary to dilute the bactericidal agent and then add sufficient amount of water, add insecticidal and acaricidal agents, then add foliar fertilizer and calcium preparations, and finally add pesticide additives. In addition, to fully mix and then spray, wettable powder must also be sprayed. Be careful not to prepare alkaline and acidic pesticides in a bucket to avoid neutralization failure.
Orchard medication problems and suggestions
Orchard medicine is a science. What pests should be prevented in advance? How to achieve green protection? How to formulate pesticides more scientific? How to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests with less investment and good results? These problems are all concerns of the fruit farmers. The problems existing in the use of orchard medicine and the experience of the author's exploration in production trials are summarized as follows for reference by farmers.