Cowshed construction With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the consumption of beef has increased year by year, and the price of beef cattle has been maintained at a relatively high price. Therefore, the development of cattle raising industry has become a good project for farmers in mountainous areas in Shaanxi Province to become rich. However, due to the unscientific and non-standard cattle farm design in the mountainous areas, the disease transmission between cattle and the deterioration of the breeding environment have not achieved the expected results. The following introduces the technical points of cattle farm design to the farmers in mountainous areas. Reasonable site selection The selection of cattle farm sites must be combined with plans for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and planning of villages and towns. The location of the general cattle farm should be selected from a roughage production base or grazing, convenient transportation, guaranteed power supply, and reliable water sources. The sheds should be built in areas with high topography, dryness, sunny leewards, air circulation, low groundwater levels, good drainage, and a flat, gentle slope. The size of the cattle farm can be determined according to the maximum number of herds and the herd type and combined with the long-term plan. Each cow is calculated from 20 m2 to 30 m2 (including all facilities) and integrated into the design. Scientific layout The barn is built in the center of the cattle farm, which is conducive to lighting, but also easy to wind. When constructing several cow buildings, the long axis parallel configuration is adopted, and the distance between each cowhouse is about 10 meters. The road between the barn and the house is between 2m and 3m. Lawn or trees should be planted on both sides of the road and around the buildings in the cattle farm. Feed preparation room Located near the center of the cowshed and the water tower, it is close to each cow house and is convenient for transportation. Management area Located on the windward side of the cattle farm, close to the gate or outside the cattle farm, to avoid idlers free to enter the venue. Slaughterhouse and veterinary room It is located in the lower corner of the cowshed under the wind direction. The stockpile and veterinary rooms should be about 100 meters away from the barn, and the sick cow barn should be built in a remote place 100 meters away from the cowshed to avoid transmission of disease. Technical points The style of rural cowsheds is more than one column and two columns. The single-row cowshed is 4m to 4.5m wide, open to the south or semi-open, with small windows on the east, west and north walls and a sports field on the south. Bi-column type is mainly double-row or double-tailed. The width of the cowshed is 7.5m~8m. There is a wall in the east and west, and there are low walls and windows in the north and south, and the door to and from the stadium. This article comes from Shandong Yiao animal husbandry; Premix Veterinary Medicine,Veterinary Multivitamin Premix,Veterinary Florfenicol Premix,Veterinary Oxytetracycline Premix Shandong Unovet Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. , https://www.unovetcn.com
The feed store should be close to the feed preparation room so that it can reach the entrance to the feed store directly during transportation. Grasshoppers should be 50 meters away from the cowshed, downwind. The silo and ammoxidation tanks are located near the cowshed for easy transportation and access, and prevent sewage from homes and stadiums from seeping into them.
The water level of the groundwater level should be less than 3 meters and the location should be high, dry, well drained, and away from pollution sources and factories where waste water flows through.
The walls of the walls are 0.2 to 0.3 meters thick, and the earth walls are 0.4 to 0.5 meters thick. The wall should be dense and seamless. The concrete wall skirt should be wiped 1 meter below the ground for washing and disinfection.
The depth of the ground is between 0.8m and 1m, the grouting should be dense, and there should be a moisture barrier between the foundation and the wall.
The roof of the ceiling barn should be 3.5 meters to 3.8 meters away from the ground, with strict protection around the floor to ensure thermal insulation.
The roof is 2.8m to 3.2m above the ground, suitable for lighting and ventilation.
The windows on the south side of the window are larger, each with a 3.5 meter span, and the size is 1 meter and 1.2 meters; the north window should be small and the size is 0.8 meters and 1 meter; the window sill is 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters away from the ground.
Door cows door width of 2 meters to 2.5 meters, 2 meters high, no threshold, it is best designed as a sliding door; each cowshed is best to leave two doors, easy access for personnel; the entrance to set up a disinfection tank.
Ventilation hole single-row ventilation holes 0.7 meters 0.7 meters, double row vent holes 0.9 meters 0.9 meters, each hole spacing 3.5 meters to 5 meters, and 0.5 meters above the roof, can open and close freely.
The cattle bed floor is made of brick or cement surface, which is durable and easy to clean and disinfect; the length of the cowhouse is 1.8 meters and the width is 1.1 meters to 1.2 meters; the cow bed is about 2 meters long and 1.2 meters wide. 1.4 meters, cattle bed slope of 2%, before the high and low. Behind the cow bed, 1 meter to 1.2 meters can be left according to the terrain for cleaning.
The length of the neck chain is between 0.5m and 1.2m, and it is placed on the upper part of the bull trough, on the crossbar from 1.6m to 1.7m above the ground or on the upper iron ring with a diameter of 0.05m.
The urine sulcus and the septic tank are 0.3 meters wide, with a slope of 2%, leading to the external storage tank; the storage tank is more than 10 meters away from the cowshed, and the volume is 0.3 cubic meters per month per feces of cattle. Calculations.
The double channel middle channel is 1.5 meters to 2 meters wide, and the single channel width is 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters.
The trough is made of cement and stone troughs and can also be used as a sink. The tank has a depth of 0.2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters and a width of 0.35 meters. It has a "U" shape. The groove has a high outer edge (on the side of the side track) of 0.6 meters and an inner edge height of 0.5 meters.
The stadium is closely connected with the cowshed wall. The area is calculated as 15 to 18 square meters per head of adult cattle, 10 to 15 square meters for breeding cattle, and 5 to 10 square meters for yaks. The playground fence is constructed using brick walls. Requires strong, about 1.5 meters high, a slope of 1% for drainage; summer can also be built pergola.
Silage and ammoxidation tanks The silo is built at a rate of 8 cubic meters to 10 cubic meters per cow and the ammoxidation tank is calculated at 5 cubic meters per cow. If used only in winter and spring, the silo is calculated from 5 cubic meters to 6 cubic meters. The pond depth is 2.5 to 3 meters, and the length is calculated based on the topography and the amount of straw used. Silage and ammoniation tanks require smooth, crack-free, non-seepage water.