Cytokines are a general term for a small class of secreted proteins that are widely involved in biological functions such as immune response, cell migration, and signal transduction. Quantitative detection of cytokine abundance is a work that needs to be done in many studies. However, during the research process, we often find that the quantitative detection results of cytokines in the same type of samples are quite different from those reported in the literature or in different periods. Recently, a study published in the international top academic journal Cell entitled "Host and Environmental Factors Influencing Individual Human Cytokine Responses" opened the secret of cytokines unknown. The researchers used about 500 healthy volunteers from Western Europe to study the expression of cytokines under different host and environmental factors. Studies have found that hosts (eg, age, gender) and environmental factors (seasonal alternation) have significant effects on cytokine expression and circulatory regulators, as shown in Figure 1. Under the normal immune state, as an important regulatory factor in the host defense process: IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-18BP, IgA, Adiponectin increased with age; IL-18BP expression in males is high At the same time, host factors such as BMI, birth control pills, and smoking have different effects on the circulatory regulator, as shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that host non-genetic factors such as age, gender, and BMI have different effects on the expression of circulatory regulators. The researchers studied the expression of pro-inflammatory factors under different external stimuli, using different stimuli (8 bacteria, 4 fungi, one virus, 4 pure microbial ligands, and two metabolic stimuli). Detection of whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocyte-derived macrophages, two types of pro-inflammatory factors: IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 (monocyte production) and IFNg, The expression levels of IL-17, IL-22 (lymphocyte production). It was found that under the stimulation of most pathogens, lymphoid pro-inflammatory factors IFNg and IL-22 decreased with age. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6 produced by monocytes are higher in women than in women. The higher the host BMI, the higher the IL-1Ra concentration. The pro-inflammatory factors TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 have the highest expression in summer, while the circulatory regulator AAT is highest in winter. The effects of different host factors and environmental factors on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors are shown in Figure 3 to Figure 6. Multiple cytokine detection  Links to English literature: https://?term=Host+and+Environmental+Factors+Influencing+Individual+Human+Cytokine+Responses Polysaccharide is a glycosidic bond bonded sugar chain, at least more than 10 monosaccharides composed of polymerized sugar polymer carbohydrates, can be used in the general formula (C6H10O5) n said. Polysaccharides composed of the same monosaccharides known as homopolysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose and glycogen; polysaccharides composed of different monosaccharides known as heteropolysaccharides, such as gum arabic is composed of pentose and galactose. Polysaccharide is not a pure chemical substance, but a mixture of substances with different degrees of polymerization. Polysaccharides are generally insoluble in water, have no sweet taste, cannot form crystals, and have no reducibility or change of spin. Polysaccharides are also glycosides, so they can be hydrolyzed, and in the process of hydrolysis, they tend to produce a series of intermediate products, and eventually completely hydrolyzed to obtain monosaccharides. Edible mushroom polysaccharide;Wolfberry polysaccharide;Jujube polysaccharide Shaanxi Zhongyi Kangjian Biotechnology Co.,Ltd , https://www.zhongyibiology.com
Figure 1 Effect of host and environment on cytokine expression
Under normal conditions , host and environmental factors influence the expression of immune loop regulators 
Figure 2 Different host factors affect the expression of circulating regulators
External stimulation, the host and environmental factors on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines 
â€
In summary, we can conclude that cytokines in the peripheral circulatory system change significantly due to age, sex, weight, smoking, and even weather factors, both in the conventional immune state and under different external stimuli. Therefore, when we find that the experimental results of our cytokine detection are different from those reported by previous reports, it is necessary to further correct the baseline data of the enrolled population on the basis of eliminating the influence of technical factors.
In recent years, with the continuous advancement of life science research, researchers have become more and more demanding on the quality of cytokine detection data. When faced with the need for simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines, classical ELISA techniques tend to be stretched in small sample size multi-factor detection, parallel comparison between factors, and stability of test data. High-throughput cytokine chip technology and Luminex liquid-suspension chip technology have emerged as the times require, effectively solving the problem of multi-factor detection.
Shanghai Huaying Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. (Huaying Bio) is the most professional protein chip technology service provider in China. The company has established two large antibody chips: cytokine chip (Slide-based) and â€â€Luminex liquid suspension chip (x-MAP). Testing system. It can perform personalized custom detection of more than 600 cytokines, covering almost all types of cytokines. The detected species cover a variety of organisms such as humans, mice, rats, monkeys, horses, cows, and cats. Whether in the initial screening of a large number of candidate cytokines or in large-scale sample validation experiments with specific factors, the most suitable experimental strategies and products can be found on the Huaying Bioprotein Chip Platform.