Usually in the early autumn, the grapes are fertilized immediately after fruit picking. The method: the young tree adopts ring groove fertilization method, digging 20-30 cm wide annular fertilization ditch at 30-50 cm around the trunk; the adult tree can use radiation groove fertilization method or strip groove fertilization method according to the situation. Radiation fertilization fertilization method is from 30 to 50 centimeters away from the trunk, and opens a shallow to deep trench to each of the four sides. The length depends on the row spacing. When digging trenches, pay attention to avoiding the main root, and then change the position of the radiation groove every 1 to 2 years to fertilize the soil once. The fertilization method is to use artificial or mechanical trenching to fertilize between rows, plants, or interlaces, and it can also be combined with deep turning. The amount of fertilization is generally applied to the ditch by using 3 to 4 tons of mature farmyard fertilizer or 4 to 5 tons of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer in the mu, and then covering the soil. In addition, in order to protect the leaves and prevent premature defoliation, the fruit is sprayed with 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% boron fertilizer on the foliar, and sprayed every 5-7 days. , continuous 3 to 4 times. Drought-resistant and leaf-protecting drought has the greatest impact on the plant leaves, causing premature leaf death and shedding, which is detrimental to tree nutrient accumulation. From August to October, grapes often face the threat of autumn drought. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to drought irrigation. If there is continuous drought and dry weather for 15 to 20 days, it is necessary to irrigate. Irrigation can be used for irrigation and hole irrigation. Gully irrigation is to open a ditch between the rows of grapes, depth 20 to 25 cm, width 40 to 50 cm, and vertical to the irrigation channel, spacing 2 meters of adult vineyards to open a ditch between the two lines, irrigation will be completed ditch Filling; hole irrigation is digging around the trunk, the water poured into it, to fill the degree, the number of holes according to the size of the age, generally 4 to 8, about 30 cm in diameter, the depth of the hole does not hurt the root Prevail, the soil will be reduced after irrigation, and flooding, swift irrigation and long irrigation are strictly prohibited. Prevention and treatment of diseases After grapes are harvested, the focus is on prevention of downy mildew. From August to September, the incidence of downy mildew is the main symptom. After the leaves are damaged, they appear to be semi-transparent and have small spots with oily spots at the beginning. Finally, they connect with each other into large patches, mostly yellow to brown. Angle. When the weather is wet or the humidity is too high, a white layer of downy mildew is formed on the back of the lesion, causing the leaves to scald and fall early. Therefore, once the fruit is harvested, the orchard shall be cleared immediately, the diseased branches and leaves shall be removed, and the soil shall be deeply turned. Secondly, scientific fertilization shall be used to strengthen management. During the growth of the plant, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increase plant disease resistance, and timely pruning, reasonable pruning to prevent dendrite and leaves too dense; Third, drug control. Immediately after fruit-picking, 1:0.5-0.7:200-fold Bordeaux mixture was sprayed to prevent downy mildew, and the first drug was sprayed at the critical period before the infection. Afterwards, the spray was sprayed once every half month. 3 to 4 times. Immediately after the onset of spraying, 65% zeocin zinc WP 500 times solution or 40% EB aluminum wettable powder 300 times solution was used for prevention and control. Sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times. After inhibiting the harvest of the dendrite, the continuous growth of the grape dendron will consume nutrients from the tree body. Therefore, measures such as topping and wiping off secondary shoots should be taken to control its growth, so as to reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients and promote the main and reserved secondary shoots. Stout, full and full of buds, can also be sprayed 0.05% longer than the solution inhibited growth. At the same time, it is also necessary to properly trim the shoots, leave more stout and strong branches, keep the thin and weak branches, and keep the dense branches, thin and weak branches, and pests and branches away as soon as possible. The cultivating soil in the cultivating ripper is overgrown with weeds in autumn. The soil permeability is poor. Therefore, after harvesting, timely cultivating and weeding should be carried out and deep turning is performed. This will not only help the soil in the garden be loose and breathable, but also conserve water and fertilizer, and promote the growth of new shoots. Reducing damage Some farmers cut a large number of shoots and old leaves after the grapes are harvested. This not only affects the ripening of the branches in the year, but also easily triggers winter buds. It seriously affects the growth and results of the following year. Generally, the leaves are not picked after the fruit is picked and few are removed. Tip, try to keep strong foliage. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent mechanical damage to the branches and leaves during field operations to ensure that the branches are normally mature.
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Grape management after picking should keep up
Replanting basal fertilization with high temperature and soil temperature in early autumn is beneficial to the decomposition and utilization of basal fertilizer, which can prolong the functional period of leaves and prevent premature detachment of leaves. It is also beneficial to root growth and rapid recovery of root system injury after fertilization.