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1 Extracting rice bran oil from rice bran Rice bran oil is mainly composed of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, which can be obtained from rice bran. There are two methods for producing rice bran, crushing and leaching. The crushing process is simple, the technology and equipment requirements are low, and it is suitable for the production of township enterprises. Crushing process: Rice bran is cleaned, fried, fried, pressed into rice, and cooked for one meter of oyster sauce; 1 A certain amount of rice bran is put into a stirrer and slowly added 5% to 8% of water to stir. 2 Put the stirred rice bran into the distillation pot and steam the embryo. The steaming time is about 45-60 min. It is advisable to use the steamed boiled embryo to be almost sticky. 3 Put the steamed embryo into the container and put it into the oil press. The pressing temperature should be kept above 50°C, otherwise the oil rate will be affected. 4 The oil that is squeezed is poured into the heater and heated to evaporate the water. At the same time, the oil is easily filtered and the impurities are removed to obtain the butter oil. 5 Inject the treated oyster oil into the oil reservoir for storage. Taro oil is degummed, deacidified, decolorized and deodorized to obtain refined rice bran oil, which is edible.
2 Extracting oryzanol oryzanol from fructus oil is a medicine for the treatment of sequelae of concussion, periodic psychosis, etc. It can also be used as a food additive, and has wide applications in cosmetics, antibacterial agents and feeds. Extraction methods are two kinds of adsorption and extraction methods. 2. l Adsorption method: Fatty acids are removed under reduced pressure at a pressure of 0.2 mmHg and at 200°C. The oryzanol concentration is concentrated to 3% to 5%. Activated alumina is added for adsorption, and grease adhered to alumina is used. After washing with hexane, it was eluted with ethanol solution of 10% acetic acid, and the ethanol was distilled off with water to recover ethanol. Concentrating to dryness to obtain a crude product with a purity of 70% and recrystallization with hexane to obtain a fine product. 2.2 Extraction method: Put the oil into the pot, add 10 times the amount of methanol, use 30% sodium hydroxide to adjust the PH = 10, heated to a water bath to 39 ~ 41 °C, heat and stir the leather to take a semi-small test, cooling, Let stand for 1 hour and release the lower oil phase. Add 20% citric acid to the upper methanol solution (a small amount of hydrochloric acid can be added to save citric acid). Adjust the pH to 7 and let stand for 12 hours. Filter the precipitate to obtain the crude product. Then recrystallized with hexane, washed and dried to obtain fine products. Methanol in the mother liquor is recovered by distillation.
3 Extracting phytic acid from the degreasing rice standard The selected oil-dried rice bran cake should be as clean as possible, otherwise it will affect the quality of the finished product (defatted rice bran). The rice bran cake is crushed and passed through a 20 mesh sieve to obtain cake flour. According to 2% hydrochloric acid (ml): defatted rice bran (g) = 4:1 ratio of feeding, with the sandwich heated to 30 ° C, stirring in the reactor for 2h, discharge, centrifugal separation (precipitation for high protein rice bran, as extraction Rice bran protein raw material), the supernatant was transferred to a reaction kettle, 12% ammonia was added under stirring to adjust PH=11, stirring was continued for 30 min, the material was discharged, centrifugal separation was performed, the supernatant was used as a fertilizer, and the precipitate was collected and washed with fresh water 4 times. In the last washing, the filter was not filtered, but the material was heated to 50° C. in a water bath, stirred for 30 minutes, centrifuged, and the collected precipitate was dried in an oven at 110° C. for 2 hours to obtain a crude phytate with a purity of 60%. According to the weight ratio of 10% hydrochloric acid: crude phytate = 10:1, dissolve the crude product with 10% hydrochloric acid, add 10% sodium bicarbonate to adjust the pH to 4 to 5 with stirring, heat to 60°C in a water bath, and heat to stir for 1 hour. , Cooled to room temperature, allowed to stand for 12h, suction filtration, washed twice with deionized water to obtain phytate fine, purity 80%. According to 3% hydrochloric acid: phytate boutique = 10:1 weight ratio, 3% hydrochloric acid and fine mix, stirring, heated with salt to 110 °C, heat and stir 3h, cooled to room temperature, centrifugal separation. The supernatant was collected and passed through a cation exchange resin column (450mm X 50mm) at a high temperature so that pH = 2 or so. The collected solution was heated and evaporated with a water bath, concentrated to one-half volume, and 5% of activated carbon equivalent to phytate was added. The mixture was stirred at 70-80°C for 30 minutes, filtered while hot, and the filtrate was concentrated to three-fifths. Volume, add 5% of activated carbon, stirring at 70 ~ 80 °C for 30min, while hot filtration, the filtrate is finally concentrated to a concentration of 48% to 53% of phytic acid liquid products.
4 Extracting protein from defatted rice bran When phytic acid is prepared from defatted rice bran, the first step is to use 2% hydrochloric acid to leaching phytate, and the precipitate that is centrifuged can be used to extract rice bran protein. The method is as follows: 4. l Extraction: First add rice bran to precipitate 5 times the amount of fresh water, stir for 30 min, and adjust the pH to 12 with 2% NaOH solution. Then, 15 times more amount of 0.05% NaOH solution was added and the mixture was stirred at 37°C for 2 hours. The residue was separated with a centrifuge and the residue was used as feed. 4.2 Acid precipitation: The pH of the extract was adjusted to 4.5-5.0 with hydrochloric acid. At this pH, the solubility of the protein was minimal and the protein coagulated and precipitated. The operating temperature is kept below 60°C. 4.3 Washing: The precipitated rice bran protein was washed with 85% alcohol and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The impurities were removed by centrifugation and the rice bran protein was dried after drying. Dry protein content of up to 90%. The protein is simple to make, easy to digest and absorb, has a good amino acid composition, and has no problems in color and taste. It is an ideal nutrient additive for making foods.
Rice use
China is the world’s largest producer of rice and its annual production of rice bran is over 850 tons. Rice bran is rich in nutrients, containing 12% to 15% of protein, 15% to 20% of fat, 36% of starch, and a large amount of inorganic elements. However, in the past, most of rice bran was used as feed for pigs and its economic value was far from being developed. This is economically uneconomical. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively develop and utilize rice bran.