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Beekeeping preparations
1 Investigate honey sources The plants that honeybees use to collect nectar and pollen are called honey plants. Honey source is the basis of bee production. Before determining the location of the bees, be sure to investigate the type, area, and flowering period of the honey plants. The main honey plants that can collect a large amount of commercial honey are: oilseed rape in oil crops; grassy rhinoceros and grasshoppers in pasture green manure; jujube trees in fruit trees; elm trees in forest trees; Vitex negundo in shrubs. Usually, a group of bees need about 2-4 acres of honey plants. It is also necessary to understand the flowering period of various kinds of honey plants and the situation of bees producing honey over the years. The bee placement site should be within 2 km from the main honey plant. The closer the bees are to the honey plants, the better. There should be a clean water source near the apiary. Such as lakes, creeks, and aqueducts, etc., to ensure the use of water for bees to collect water and beekeepers. The bee farm should be flat, dry, sunny, and open to the southeast with no obstacles. It is best to have hill slopes or houses and fences on the northwest. In addition, nearby places with tweeters, street lamps, and insect traps are not suitable for bees. 2 How to buy bee colonies To select bee colonies, you must select bee species based on the local honey source, climate, and other conditions. In the plains of northwestern China, North China, and northeast China, the summer season is dry and there is a long honey source with a long honeying period. Italian bees can be selected. The mountainous regions in the northeast have long and cold winters, short springs, and early flowering seasons of major honey plants. You can choose the northeast bees with strong cold-resistance ability. If the area is located in the mountains, there is no concentrated source of honey, you can choose the bee. The best time to buy bee colonies is in the early spring, when the temperature rises and stabilizes, and the honey plants begin to bloom. Buying during this period is beneficial to the breeding of bee colonies and will be effective in the year. It can also be purchased in summer and autumn, but it should be noted that there should be at least one major source of honey. In this way, even if you can't get a lot of honey, you can at least ensure that the bees will need to feed for winter. Note that it is not advisable to buy bees after the end of the year. Because at this time bee buying besides the purchase cost, but also to buy sugar fed bees. During the winter, bee colonies may also die. The bee colony should also pay attention to the quality of the bee colony. The age of the queen bee should not exceed two years. If you buy bees in the summer and autumn, it is best to choose the new king of the year. The bee queen of good quality has a large abdomen, a slightly pointed tail, four-winged six-legged and stable action. Spawning area is large and neat. Workers with good quality have big heads and bright colors. When they lift their spleen out of the box, they can't crawl wildly and have a gentle temperament. The whole bee colony should be healthy and disease-free. The number of bees in the colony should not be less than 2 boxes in early spring. Summer and autumn should be above 5 boxes, and have some spleen. For example, if the bee population is 5 boxes, it should have 3-4 boxes. Among them, the cover spleen should account for at least half. In addition, it should be noted that each nest must have 0.5-1 kg of honey spleen. The nest spleen should not be too old. There should not be many male hive on the nest spleen. After the bees are shipped back, if the venue is spacious, the beehives can be arranged in a single box. The front row and the rear row are required to be staggered. Each row is 2-3 meters apart and the beehives are 1-2 meters apart, making it easy for bees to recognize nests and staff management. If the venue is small, it can be double-boxed. Two boxes a group, 20 cm apart. When the beehives are arranged, the direction of the nest door is generally south or east. Note that the nest door cannot be westward, so that the afternoon sunlight will shine directly on the nest door and the nest temperature will be too high. 3 Prevention of bee stings and bee stings is a kind of self-defense instinct of the bees. When the management actions are rough, or stand in front of the hive, block the bee, or have a strange smell on the beekeepers, it will cause bee stings. The bee sting is not harmful to humans. If you are inadvertently beheaded, do not strain your hands. Grasp your nails with your fingernails calmly. Do not prick your hands so as not to get more venom into the skin. The site of the bedding can be washed with water. Then apply a little ammonia, or soapy water.